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| Physical | ||||||||||||||
| Layer | File Name Code | Description | Unit | Type | Instrument/Institute | Original Spatial Resolution | Temporal Range | Derivatives | Source | Primary Data Source | URL | |||
| Depth | gb_depth | Water Depth Taken from GEBCO 08 Digital Atlas. | m | - | Depth Soundings, Satellite | 30 arc-seconds | - | Mean | GEBCO 08 | IOC et al.(2003) | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/online_delivery/gebco/select/ | |||
| Slope | gb_slope | Slope derived from GEBCO 08 using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. | degree | - | Interpolation | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | - | - | GEBCO 08 | - | - | |||
| Aspect (East-West) | msp_aspect_ew | East/West Aspect of seafloor (sin(aspect in radians)) | radians x 100 | - | Interpolation | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | - | - | MARSPEC | Becker et al., 2009; Sbrocco & Barber, 2013 | http://www.marspec.org/ | |||
| Aspect (North-South) | msp_aspect_ns | North/South Aspect of seafloor (sin(aspect in radians)) | radians x 100 | - | Interpolation | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | - | - | MARSPEC | Becker et al., 2009; Sbrocco & Barber, 2013 | http://www.marspec.org/ | |||
| Land Distance | msp_distancetoshore | Distance (km) to the nearest land cell (water cells only) calculated using euclidean distance formula in ArcGIS. | km | - | Euclidean distance formula | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | - | - | MARSPEC | Becker et al., 2009; Sbrocco & Barber, 2013 | http://www.marspec.org/ | |||
| Port Distance | port_distance | Distance to the nearest seaport, calculated using euclidean distance formula in ArcGIS. | euclidean distance | - | Euclidean distance formula | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | - | - | - | NGIA World Port Index Database (NGIA, 2014) | https://www.nga.mil/Pages/Default.aspx | |||
| Ice Cover | aq_ice_x | Mean annual ice cover in percent as derived from the National Snow and Ice Data Centre. Interpolation was done to get rid of missing cells and values for the ice shelves in the Antarctic was set to 1.5. Example: 0.00000..., 1.0 | % (0-1.0) | Annual Climatology | Remote Sensing: Nmbus-7 & DMSP satellites | 0.5° x 0.5° | 1979-2002 | Mean (Summer, Winter) | Aquamaps HCAF v4 | U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Centre (Cavalieri et al 2003) | http://www.aquamaps.org/download/main.php | |||
| Tide average | kg_tide_average | Tides, avg of maximum amplitude. These tide model results are from a global 1/4-degree tide model which assimilated tide estimates derived from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter. | m | Annual Climatology | University of Colorado, Boulder | 0.25° x 0.25° | - | Mean | KGS Mapper | Stewart (2000) | http://instaar.colorado.edu/~scotts/thesis.pdf | |||
| Waveheight | aq_waveheight | Height of waves in scaled discrete classes as provided by the Original LOICZ Database, for all coastal and oceanic cells. | m | - | - | 0.5° x 0.5° | - | Mean | Aquamaps HCAF v4 | KGS | http://www.aquamaps.org/download/main.php | |||
| Windspeed | kg_wind_speed | Yearly variations of the surface marine atmosphere over the global oceans. | m/s | Annual Climatology | International Research Institute for Climate Prediction (IRI) | 0.5° x 0.5° | 1945-1989 | Mean | KGS Mapper | Da Silva et al. (1994) | http://ingrid.ldgo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.DASILVA/.SMD94/.climatology/.w3 | |||
| Surface Current | ecco2_uv_surface_current | Zonal velocity (UVEL), meridional velocity (VVEL). | m/s | Monthly Climatology | NASA ECCO2 Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) project | 0.25° x 0.25° | - | Mean (Surface) | NASA ECCO2 Modeling | NASA JPL Laboratory | http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov/ | |||
| Euphotic Layer Depth | gc_zeu_mean | Depth of the bottom of the Euphotic Layer i.e. the depth for which the down-welling irradiance is 1% of its value at the surface. It characterizes the upper layer of the ocean, which can support phytoplankton photosynthesis. It depends on the turbidity of the water. | m | Monthly climatology | ESA Globeolour Product | 2.5 arcmin (4km) | 1998-2008 | Mean | GlobColour | Morel et al. (2007) | http://hermes.acri.fr/ | |||
| Diffuse attenuation coefficient | bo_da_mean | The diffuse attenuation coefficient is an indicator of water clarity. It expresses how deeply visible light in the blue to the green region of the spectrum (490 nm) penetrates in to the water column. | m-1 | Monthly climatology | Remote Sensing: Aqua-MODIS | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | 2002 - 2009 | Mean | Bio-Oracle | Feldman & McClain 2010 | http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ | |||
| Temperature | bo_sst_x | Sea surface temperature is the temperature of the water at the ocean surface. This parameter indicates the temperature of the topmost meter of the ocean water column. | °C | Monthly climatology | Remote Sensing: Aqua-MODIS | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | 2002 - 2009 | Mean, Minimum, Maximum, Range | Bio-Oracle | Feldman & McClain 2010 | http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ | |||
| kg_b_temp | Temperature of sea bottom. | °C | Annual Climatology | World Ocean Atlas 2001 | 1° x 1° | 1874-2000 | Mean (Bottom) | KGS Mapper | Stephens et al. (2002) | http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA01/pr_woa01.html | ||||
| na_x_x_sst / na_b_temp | Long term monitoring of Temperature on Multiple Levels. | °C | Monthly Climatology | NOAA 20th Century Reanalysis V2 | 2° x 2° | 1871-2008 | Mean (Summer Surface, Winter Surface, Annual Bottom) | NODC | 20th Century Reanalysis V2 data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA | http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/ | ||||
| Salinity | bo_salinity | Salinity indicates the dissolved salt content in the ocean surface. | PSS | In situ measure: WOD 2009 | Standard Level Data: Surface Ocean Station Data (OSD); High-resolution Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) | 1° x 1° | 1961-2009 | IDW Interpolation | Bio-Oracle | Boyer et al. 2009 | http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ | |||
| na_b_salinity | Long term monitoring of Salinity on multiple depth levels. | PPT | Monthly Climatology | NOAA 20th Century Reanalysis V2 | 2° x 2° | 1871-2008 | Mean (Surface, Bottom) | NODC | 20th Century Reanalysis V2 data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA | http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/ | ||||
| Photosynthetically Active
Radiation |
bo_parmean | Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) indicates the quantum energy flux from the Sun (in the spectral range 400-700 nm) reaching the ocean surface. | Einstein/m²/day | Monthly climatology | Temperature-Depth (CTD) (Surface) | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | 1997-2009 | Mean | Bio-Oracle | Feldman & McClain 2010 | http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ | |||
| Chemical | ||||||||||||||
| Layer | File Name Code | Description | Unit | Type | Instrument | Original Spatial Resolution | Temporal Range | Derivatives | Source | Primary Data Source | URL | |||
| Chlorophyll-a | bo_chla_x | Chlorophyll A concentration indicates the concentration of photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll A (the most common “green” chlorophyll) in oceans. Please note that in shallow water these values may reflect any kind of autotrophic biomass. | mg/m³ | Monthly climatology | Remote Sensing: Aqua-MODIS | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | 2002 - 2009 | Mean, Minimum, Maximum, Range | Bio-Oracle | Feldman & McClain 2010 | http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ | |||
| kg_chla_x | Chlorophyll-a concentration data consists of satellite measurements of global and regional ocean color data. | mg/m³ | Annual Climatology | Remote Sensing: SEAWiFS/OrbView-2 | ~ 5 arcmin (9 km) | 1997-2006 | Max, Mean, Summer Max, Winter max | KGS Mapper | Feldman & McClain (2006) | http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/SeaWIFS/ | ||||
| Chlorophyll-a (Primary Productivity) | aq_primprod | Proportion of annual primary production in a cell. See reference for details about the productivity calculation methods. | mgC·m-²·/day/cell | Annual Climatology | Remote Sensing : SeaWiFS | ~ 5 arcmin (9 km) | - | Mean | Aquamaps HCAF v4 | Bouvet et al. (2002), Hoepffner et al. (1999) , Longhurst et al. (1995) | http://www.aquamaps.org/download/main.php and http://www.seaaroundus.org/doc/saup_manual.htm#3 | |||
| pH | bo_ph | Measure of acidity in the ocean surface. | - | In situ measure: WOD 2009 | Standard Level Data: Surface Ocean Station Data (OSD); High-resolution Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) | 1° x 1° | 1910-2007 | Mean | Bio-Oracle | Boyer et al. 2009 | http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ | |||
| Total Suspended Matter | gc_tcm_mean | Total suspended matter concentration. It is a measure of the turbidity of the water. The product is useful typically for coastal waters where inorganic particle dominate over phytoplankton. | g.m-3 | Monthly Climatologu | MERIS | 2.5 arcmin (4km) | 2002-2012 | Mean | GlobColour | Doerffer & Schiller (2007) | http://hermes.acri.fr/ | |||
| Nutrients | ||||||||||||||
| Layer | File Name Code | Description | Unit | Type | Instrument | Original Spatial Resolution | Temporal Range | Derivatives | Source | Primary Data Source | URL | |||
| Calcite | bo_calcite | Calcite concentration indicates the concentration of calcite (CaCO3) in oceans. | mol/m³ | Seasonal climatology | Remote Sensing: Aqua-MODIS | 5 arcmin (9.2 km) | 2002 - 2009 | Mean | Bio-Oracle | Feldman & McClain 2010 | http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ | |||
| Nitrate | bo_nitrate | This surface layer contains both [NO3] and [NO3+NO2] data. By this we mean chemically reactive dissolved inorganic nitrate and nitrate or nitrite. | μmol/l | In situ measure: WOD 2009 | Standard Level Data: Surface Ocean Station Data (OSD) | 1° x 1° | 1922 - 1986 | Mean | Bio-Oracle | Boyer et al. 2009, NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. | http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data | |||
| kg_b_nitrate | Nitrate Concentration. | μmol/l | Annual Climatology | World Ocean Atlas 2001 | 0.5° x 0.5° | 1874-2000 | Mean (Bottom) | KGS Mapper | Saving (2006) | http://hercules.kgs.ku.edu/website/specimen_mapper/data/bott_mean06_1.htm | ||||
| Phosphate | kg_phosphate / kg_b_phosp | Phosphorous Concentration. | μmol/l | Annual Climatology | World Ocean Atlas 2001 | 0.5° x 0.5° | 1874-2000 | Mean (Surface, Bottom) | KGS Mapper | Saving (2006) | http://hercules.kgs.ku.edu/website/specimen_mapper/data/bott_mean06_1.htm | |||
| Silicate | bo_silicate | This variable indicates the concentration of silicate or ortho-silicic acid [Si(OH)4] in the ocean surface. | μmol/l | In situ measure: WOD 2009 | Standard Level Data: Surface Ocean Station Data (OSD) | 1° x 1° | 1930 - 1986 | Mean | Bio-Oracle | Boyer et al. 2009 | http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ | |||
| kg_b_silicate | Silicate Concentration. | μmol/l | Annual Climatology | World Ocean Atlas 2001 | 0.5° x 0.5° | 1874-2000 | Mean (Bottom) | KGS Mapper | Saving (2006) | http://hercules.kgs.ku.edu/website/specimen_mapper/data/bott_mean06_1.htm | ||||
| Dissolved Oxygen | bo_o2dis | Dissolved oxygen concentration [O2] in the surface. | ml/l | In situ measure: WOD 2009 | Standard Level Data: Surface Ocean Station Data (OSD); High-resolution Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) | 1° x 1° | 1898 - 2009 | Mean | Bio-Oracle | Boyer et al. 2009 | http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ | |||
| kg_b_o2dissolve | Dissolved Oxygen Concentration | ml/l | Annual Climatology | World Ocean Atlas 2001 | 0.5° x 0.5° | 1874-2000 | Mean (Bottom) | KGS Mapper | Conkright et al. (2002) | http://hercules.kgs.ku.edu/website/specimen_mapper/data/bott_mean06_1.htm | ||||
| Saturated Oxygen | kg_s_o2saturate | Amount of dissolved oxygen as a percentage of maximum potential oxygen amount that could be present for the given temperature and salinity at standard amospheric pressure (760 mmHg) (i.e., sea level). | ml/l | Annual Climatology | World Ocean Atlas 2001 | 0.5° x 0.5° | 1874-2000 | Mean (Surface) | KGS Mapper | Conkright et al. (2002) | http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA01/pr_woa01.html | |||
| Utilized Oxygen | kg_b_o2utilized | Apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in ml/l - oxygen saturation concentration minus measured dissolved oxygen concentration. | ml/l | Annual Climatology | World Ocean Atlas 2001 | 0.5° x 0.5° | 1874-2000 | Mean (Surface, Bottom) | KGS Mapper | Saving (2006) | http://hercules.kgs.ku.edu/website/specimen_mapper/data/bott_mean06_1.htm | |||
| Particulate Organic Carbon | Particulate Organic Carbon is an important component in the carbon cycle and serves as a primary food sources for aquatic food webs. | mg.m-3 | Monthly climatology | SeaWifs, MODIS, VIR | 2.5 arcmin (4km) | 1998-2008 | Mean | GlobColour | Stramski et al. (2008) | http://hermes.acri.fr/ | ||||
| Particulate Inorganic Carbon | Particulate Inorganic Carbon or suspended calcium carbonate concentration | mol.m-3 | Monthly climatology | SeaWifs, MODIS, VIR | 2.5 arcmin (4km) | 1998-2008 | Mean | GlobColour | Balch et al. (2005) | http://hermes.acri.fr/ | ||||
| Past | ||||||||||||||
| Layer | File Name Code | Description | Unit | Type | Instrument | Original Spatial Resolution | Temporal Range | Derivatives | Source | Primary Data Source | URL | |||
| Last Glacial Maxima Depth | lgm_depth | Water depth calculated from GEBCO 08 (using formula current depth-130 m; the average depth decrease mentioned in literature). | m | - | GEBCO 08 | 30 arc-seconds | - | Mean | GEBCO 08 - 130 m | IOC et al.(2003), Bintanja et al. (2005) | - | |||
| Last Glacial Maxima Temperature | lgm_sst | Sea surface temperature during last glacial maxima (22 myr). | °C | Gridded Global LGM SST and Salinity Reconstruction | Paleo Reconstruction Model | 1° x 1° | 19-22 cal.KYrBP | Mean (Surface) | NOAA Paleoclimatology Program | Schäfer-Neth and Paul (2003) | http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data | |||
| Last Glacial Maxima Salinity | lgm_salinity | Sea surface salinity during last glacial maxima (22 myr). | PSS | Gridded Global LGM SST and Salinity Reconstruction | Paleo Reconstruction Model | 1° x 1° | 19-22 cal.KYrBP | Mean (Surface) | NOAA Paleoclimatology Program | Schäfer-Neth and Paul (2003) | http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data | |||
| Last Glacial Maxima Ice Thickness | lgm_ice_thickness | Thickness of ice sheets during last glacial maxima (22 myr). | km | Gridded Global LGM SST and Salinity Reconstruction | Paleo Reconstruction Model | 1° x 1° | 19-22 cal.KYrBP | Mean (Surface) | NOAA Paleoclimatology Program | Peltier (1993) | http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data | |||
| Future | ||||||||||||||
| Layer | File Name Code | Description | Unit | Type | Instrument | Original Spatial Resolution | Temporal Range | Derivatives | Source | Primary Data Source | URL | |||
| Temperature at 2100 | bo_21k_a1b_sst | Future 4 grids of monthly mean sea surface temperature , A1B (720 ppm stabilization) scenario. | °C | Monthly climatology | UKMO-HadCM3 model | 1.25° x 1.25° | 2087–2096 | Mean | Bio-Oracle | Based on IPCC (WCRP CMIP3) multi-model database (http://esg.llnl.gov:8080/index.jsp).UKMO-HadCM3 model | http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/model_documentation/ipcc_model_documentation.php | |||
| aq_x_temp_21k/aq_sst_21k | Predicted sea temperature for year 2100. | °C | Annual Climatology | - | 0.5° x 0.5° | 2090-2099 | Mean (Surface, Bottom) | Aquamaps HCAF v5 | IPSL model, A2 scenario (http://icmc.ipsl.fr/) | http://www.aquamaps.org/download/main.php | ||||
| Salinity at 2100 | bo_21k_a1b_salinity | Future 1 grid of average monthly mean sea surface salinity. | ppt | Monthly climatology | UKMO-HadCM3 model | 2.75°x 3.75° | 2087–2096 | Mean | Bio-Oracle | Based on IPCC (WCRP CMIP3) multi-model database (http://esg.llnl.gov:8080/index.jsp).UKMO-HadCM3 model | http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/ipcc/model_documentation/ipcc_model_documentation.php | |||
| aq_salinity_21k | Predicted sea salinity for year 2100. | PSU | Annual Climatology | - | 0.5° x 0.5° | 2090-2099 | Mean (Surface, Bottom) | Aquamaps HCAF v5 | IPSL model, A2 scenario (http://icmc.ipsl.fr/) | http://www.aquamaps.org/download/main.php | ||||
| Chlorophyll-a at 2100 | aq_primaryprod_21k | Predicted primary productivity for year 2100. | mgC·m-²·/day | Annual Climatology | - | 0.5° x 0.5° | 2090-2099 | Mean | Aquamaps HCAF v5 | IPSL model, A2 scenario (http://icmc.ipsl.fr/) | http://www.aquamaps.org/download/main.php | |||
| Ice Concentration at 2100 | aq_ice_con_21k | Predicted ice cover (area proportion) for year 2100. | % (0-1) | Annual Climatology | - | 0.5° x 0.5° | 2090-2099 | Mean | Aquamaps HCAF v5 | IPSL model, A2 scenario (http://icmc.ipsl.fr/) | http://www.aquamaps.org/download/main.php | |||
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| References: | ||||||||||||||
| Balch, W. M., H. R. Gordon, B. C. Bowler, D. T. Drapeau, and E. S. Booth. (2005) Calcium carbonate measurements in the surface global ocean based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data, JGR, Vol. 110, C07001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002560 | ||||||||||||||
| Bintanja, R., Van De Wal, R.S.W.,Oerlemans, J. 2005. Modelled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels over the past million years. Nature, 437(7055), 125-128. | ||||||||||||||
| Bouvet, M., Hoepffner, N.,Dowell, M.D. 2002. Parameterization of a spectral solar irradiance model for the global ocean using multiple satellite sensors. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 107(C12), 8-18. doi:10.1029/2001jc001126. | ||||||||||||||
| Boyer, T. P., Stephens, C., J. I. Antonov, M. E. Conkright, R. A. Locarnini, T. D. O’Brien, H. E. Garcia, 2002: World Ocean Atlas 2001, Volume 2: Salinity. S. Levitus, Ed., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 50, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 165 pp., CD-ROMs. | ||||||||||||||
| Cavalieri, D.J., Parkinson, C.L.,Vinnikov, K.Y. 2003. 30-Year satellite record reveals contrasting Arctic and Antarctic decadal sea ice variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(18). doi:10.1029/2003gl018031. | ||||||||||||||
| Conkright, M.E., Garcia, H.E., O’brien, T.D., Locarnini, R.A., Boyer, T.P., Stephens, C.,Antonov, J.I. 2002. World Ocean Atlas 2001, Volume 4: Nutrients. S. Levitus, Ed. (CD-ROM). In NOAA Atlas NESDIS 52. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 392p. | ||||||||||||||
| Da Silva, A., Young, A. C., S. Levitus. 1994 . Atlas of Surface Marine Data Volume 1: Algorithms and Procedures, number 6, 1994. Available at: http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.DASILVA/.SMD94/.halfbyhalf/ | ||||||||||||||
| Doerffer R, and Schiller H. 2007. The MERIS Case 2 water algorithm. International Journal of Remote Sensing 28:517-535. 10.1080/01431160600821127 | ||||||||||||||
| Feldman, G. C. & McClain, C.R., 2010. Ocean Color Web, SEAWiFS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Eds. Kuring, N., Bailey, S. W. Accessed: October 2010. http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ | ||||||||||||||
| Feldman, G.C., C.R. McClain, N. Kuring (ed.), S.W. Bailey (ed.). 2006. Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWIFS) Level-3 Standard Mapped Images: Chlorophyll-a Mean Concentration Annual and Seasonal Climatologies. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center | ||||||||||||||
| Hoepffner, N., Sturm, B., Finenko, Z.,Larkin, D. 1999. Depth-integrated primary production in the eastern tropical and subtropical North Atlantic basin from ocean colour imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 20(7), 1435-1456. | ||||||||||||||
| Ioc, Iho,Bodc. 2003. Centenary edition of the GEBCO digital atlas,published on CD-ROM on behalf of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the International Hydrographic Organization as part of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans. In Liverpool, UK: British Oceanographic Data Centre. | ||||||||||||||
| Longhurst, A., Sathyendranath, S., Platt, T.,Caverhill, C. 1995. An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from satellite radiometer data. Journal of Plankton Research, 17(6), 1245-1271. | ||||||||||||||
| Morel A, Huot Y, Gentili B, Werdell PJ, Hooker SB, and Franz BA. 2007. Examining the consistency of products derived from various ocean color sensors in open ocean (Case 1) waters in the perspective of a multi-sensor approach. Remote Sensing of Environment 111:69-88. | ||||||||||||||
| Peltier, W., 1993, Time Dependent Topography Through Glacial Cycle. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 93-015. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. | ||||||||||||||
| Saving, S.C. 2006. Half-degree Ocean Floor Analyzed Annual Means from 2001 World Ocean Atlas, v06_1. Kansas Geological Survey. University of Kansas. | ||||||||||||||
| Schäfer-Neth, C. and A. Paul, 2003, Gridded Global LGM SST and Salinity Reconstruction, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder Data Contribution Series #2003-046. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. | ||||||||||||||
| Smolyar I.V. & Zweng M.M. 2009. World Ocean Database 2009. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington D.C. | ||||||||||||||
| Stramski. D., R.A. Reynolds, M. Babin, S. Kaczmarek, M.R. Lewis, R. Rottgers, A. Sciandra, M. Stramska, M.S. Twardowski, B.A. Franz, and H. Claustre (2008). Relationships between the surface concentration of particulate organic carbon and optical properties in the eastern South Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans, Biogeosci., 5, 171-201. | ||||||||||||||
| Stephens, C., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, M. E. Conkright, R. A. Locarnini, T. D. O’Brien, H. E. Garcia, 2002: World Ocean Atlas 2001, Volume 1: Temperature. S. Levitus, Ed., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 49, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 167 pp., CD-ROMs. | ||||||||||||||
| Stewart, J.S., 2000, "Tidal Energetics: Studies with a Barotropic Model," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. | ||||||||||||||
| Used Major Dataset Reference: | ||||||||||||||
| KGS Mapper : Fautin, D.G.,Buddemeier, R.W. 2011. Biogeoinformatics of the hexacorals, Half-degree Global Oceanic Environmental Database v06_2 (ArcInfo geodatabase format). In KGS Oceanic Dataset. World Wide Web electronic publication by Kansas Geological Survey & HEXACORALLIA Project: http://drysdale.kgs.ku.edu/website/Specimen_Mapper/datadownload.cfm. | ||||||||||||||
| Aquamaps: Kaschner, K., J. S. Ready, E. Agbayani, J. Rius, K. Kesner-Reyes, P. D. Eastwood, A. B. South, S. O. Kullander, T. Rees, C. H. Close, R. Watson, D. Pauly, and R. Froese. Editors 2008 AquaMaps Environmental Dataset: Half-Degree Cells Authority File (HCAF). World Wide Web electronic publication, www.aquamaps.org/data, Version 07/2010. | ||||||||||||||
| Bio-Oracle: Tyberghein, L., Verbruggen, H., Pauly, K., Troupin, C., Mineur, F.,De Clerck, O. 2012. Bio-ORACLE: a global environmental dataset for marine species distribution modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21(2), 272-281. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00656.x. URL: http://www.oracle.ugent.be/index.html | ||||||||||||||
| MARSPEC: Sbrocco, E. J. and Barber, P. H. (2013) MARSPEC: ocean climate layers for marine spatial ecology. Ecology 94: 979. doi:10.1890/12-1358.1 . URL: http://www.marspec.org/ | ||||||||||||||
| © GMED and Z. Basher, 2019. All rights reserved. | ||||||||||||||